The Effect of Giving Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) to Changes in Lauric Acid Levels in Breast Milk
(1) Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Dr. M. Djamil Central General Hospital Padang
(2) Sub Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Dr. M. Djamil Central General Hospital Padang
(*) Corresponding Author
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25077/aoj.5.2.241-251.2021
Abstract
Breastmilk (ASI) is the best food produced by the breast glands, containing all the nutritional elements needed by infants aged 0-6 months. Apart from nutrients, breast milk also has other non-nutritional components that act as immune factors for babies. Babies who are not exclusively breastfed will be more susceptible to chronic diseases, such as heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes as adults and can suffer from malnutrition and obesity. Dietary intake significantly affects milk production. The mother's diet can affect the composition of her milk through several metabolic pathways, especially the concentration of fatty acids and vitamins that are soluble in fat and water, including vitamins A, C, B6, and B12. Lauric acid contained in breast milk can help your minor fight infection and increase immunity to protect from various diseases. Not only for the baby, but virgin coconut oil is also starting to be commonly used by dieters. Virgin coconut oil contains lauric acid CH3 (CH2) 10COOH 50% and caprylic acid CH3 (CH2) 6COOH 7%. Both of these acids are medium-chain saturated fatty acids that are quickly metabolized and have anti-microbial properties. The benefits of virgin coconut oil (VCO) are that it is beneficial for the health of the body, including being antibacterial, antiviral, anti-fungal, and natural anti-protozoa; helps relieve symptoms and reduces health risks associated with diabetes, helps protect against osteoporosis, helps prevent high blood pressure, helps prevent liver disease, keeps the heart and blood vessels healthy, helps prevent cancer, helps you lose weight, maintain stamina, maintain healthy skin and hair.
Keywords: Breastmilk, Lauric Acid, VCOFull Text:
PDFReferences
Prapun R, Cheetangdee N and Udomrati S. Faktor yang mempengaruhi niat ibu memberikan ASI eksklusif di Kelurahan Magersari, Sidoarjo. Jurnal Promkes. 2016; 4(1): 11–21.
Gunasekaran R et al. Maternal intake of dietary virgin coconut oil modifies essential fatty acids and causes low body weight and spiky fur in mice. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2017; 17:79.
Bravi F, Wiens E, Decarli A, Pont AD, Agostoni C and Ferraroni M. Impact of maternal nutrition on breast-milk composition: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016;104:646–62.
Astuti R, Sinaga SM and Putra EDL. Effect of taking virgin coconut oil to the breast milk secretion and inspection of medium chain fatty acids contain. Int.J. PharmTech Res. 2015;7(3): 481-487.
Walyani E. 2015. Perawatan kehamilan dan menyusui anak pertama agar bayi lahir dan tumbuh sehat. Yogyakarta : Pustaka Baru Press.
Ballard O, Morrow AL. Human milk composition: nutrients and bioactive factors. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2013; 60(1): 49–74.
Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Nutritional Status During Pregnancy and Lactation. 1991. Nutrition During Lactation. Washington DC: National Academies Press (US)
Pillay J, Davis TJ (2019). Physiology, lactation. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499981/. Diakses pada 29 Februari 2020.
Martin CR, Ling P dan Blackburn GL. Review of infant feeding: key features of breast milk and infant formula. 2016; 8(5): 279.
German JB, Dillard CJ. Saturated fats: a perspective from lactation and milk composition. Lipids. 2010 ; 45(10): 915–923.
Iranpour R, Kelishadi R, Babaie S, Khosravi-Darani K dan Farajian S. Comparison of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid content in human milk in preterm and term deliveries and its correlation with mothers’ diet. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. 2013;18:1-5
Yao Y, Zhao G, Yan Y, Mu H, Jin Q, Zou X, et al. Milk fat globules by confocal Raman microscopy: Differences in human, bovine and caprine milk. Food Research International. 2016;80:61-69
Koletzko B. Human milk lipids. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. 2016;69:28-40
Gardner A, Rahman I, Lai C, Hepworth A, Trengove N, Hartmann P, et al. Changes in fatty acid composition of human milk in response to cold-like symptoms in the lactating mother and infant. Nutrients. 2017;9:1034
Palmeira P, Sampaio MC. Immunology of breastmilk. Rev Assoc Med Bras 2016; 62(6):584-593.
Pubchem (2020) . Lauric acid. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Lauric-acid. Diakses tanggal 6 Maret 2020.
Akoh C.C. and Min D.B. “Food lipids: chemistry, nutrition, and biotechnology” 3th ed. 2008
Chow Ching K. “Fatty acids in foods and their health implication” 3th ed. 2008.
Dayrit FM. The properties of lauric acid and their significance in coconut oil. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 2015; 92:1–15.
McCarty MF, DiNicolantonio JJ. Lauric acid-rich medium-chain triglycerides can substitute for other oils in cooking applications and may have limited pathogenicity. Open Heart. 2016; 3(2): e000467.
Widianingrum DC, Noviandi CT and Salasia SIO. Antibacterial and immunomodulator activities of virgin coconut oil (VCO) against Staphylococcus aureus. Heliyon 5. 2019; e02612.
Srivastava Y, Semwal AD and Sharma GK. Therapeutic, probiotic and unconventional food. Elsevier. 2018: 291-301.
Francois CA, Connor SL, Wander RC and Connor WE. Acute effects of dietary fatty acids on the fatty acids of human milk. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1998;67:301-308
Srivastava, J.N. and Ouyang, Z. (1992). Studies on the general estimator in sampling theory, based on the sample weight fuction. JSPI, 31, 199-218.
Gartner LM, Morton J, Lawrence RA, et al. Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics 2005;115:496e506.
World Health Organization. WHO statement 2011;1. Available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2011/breastfeeding_20110115/en/index.html [Date accessed: October 9,2011].
Emil, V.C. 2004. Coconut oil: uses and issues on its health and nutraceuticals benefits. Philiphines Coconut Research and Development Foundation, Inc. http://www.coconut-info.com/coconut oil uses and issues. Htm (8 agustus 2004).
Underwood, Analisis Kimia Kuantitatif, Erlangga Jakarta. 2004 http://dedepurnama.blogspot.com/2012/06/makalah-chromatography-gas-gc.html.
Anonim.2010. Kromatografi Gas. http://bondiebluesy.wordpress.com/2010/03/08/kromatografi-gas
Soebagio, Drs Dkk, Kimia Analitik II, Jica Common Textbook, Malang 2002
Adnan, Mochamad. 1997. Teknik Kromatografi untuk Analisis Bahan Makanan. Yogyakarta: Andi Offset
Badriul, dkk. 2008. Bedah ASI. Jakarta: Balai Penerbit FKUI
Wilczynska-Kwiatek A, Singh RB and Meester FD. Nutrition and behavior: The role of •3 fatty acids. The Open Nutraceuticals Journal. 2009;2:1-10.
Williams CL, Deckelbaum R. Macronutrient requirements for growth: fat and fatty acids. In: Walker WA, Watkins JB, editors. Nutrition in pediatrics basic science and clinical applications. 3rd ed. London: BC Decker; 2003. p. 52-66.
Butte NF, Smitheo and Garza C. Energy utilization of breastfed and formula-fed infants. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;51:350-8.
Hammosh M. Human Milk. Dalam: Colon AR,MohsenZ, penyunting. Pediatric Physiology. Boston:Little, Brown, 1985:69-85.
Al MD, van Houwelengin AC and Hornstra G. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, pregnancy and pregnancy outcome. Am J Clin Nutr 2000 01,71: 1 Suppl, 285S-91S.
Leach JL, dkk,. Total potentially available nucleotides of human milk by stage of lactation. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;61:1224-30.
Almatsier S, Soetardjo S, Soekatri M. 2011. Gizi Seimbang Dalam Daur Kehidupan. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
American Academy of Pediatrics Policy Statement. 2005. Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics. 115(5;2):496-506.
Castle, Paula. 2010. Omega – 3 and Omega – 6 Fatty Acid. United States: University of Nebraska – Lincoln.
Dewey et al. 1986. Human Lactation 2 Maternal and Environmental Factors: Relationship of Maternal Age to Breast Milk Volume and Composition. New York and London:Plenum Press.
Lauritzen L, Carlson SE. 2011. Maternal fatty acid status during pregnancy and lactation and relation to newborn and infant status. Matern Child Nutr. 7:41–58.
Mulyani RI. 2014. Studi kandungan dan persentase daily value asam lemak esensial makanan Indonesia. [Skripsi]. Departemen Gizi Masyarakat. Fakultas Ekologi Manusia. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.
Riordan J. 2005. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation3rd Ed. Canada: Jones and Barlett Publisher Inc.
Roesli U. 2000. Mengenal ASI Eksklusif. Jakarta: Trubus Agriwidya.
Fabian M. The properties of lauric acid and their significance in coconut oil. J Am Oil Chem Soc 2014; DOI 10.1007/211746-014-2562-7
Marten, B., Pfeuffer, M. dan Schrezenmeir, J. Medium-chain triglycerides : Review. International Dairy Journal, 2006. 16: 1374-1382.
Wood, J.D, R.I. Richardson, G.R.Nutc. A.V.Fisher, M.M. Campo, E.Kasapidou, P.R. Sherd, M. Enser. 2003. Effects of fatty acids on meat quality : a review. Meat Science 66 :21-23.
Yamashita M, Kadona Y. 1982. Digestion, absorption and metabolism of medium-chain trigliserides. New food Ind. 24: 28-33
Pontoh J, Buyung NTN. Analisa asam lemak dalam minyak kelapa murni (VCO) dengan dua peralatan kromatografi gas. Jurnal Ilmiah Sains. 2011;11(2):274-81.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Address for Correspondence: