Legal Protection for Doctors Performing Pregnancy Termination for Anencephalic Fetuses as Viewed from Undang-Undang Number 17 of 2023 on Health
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25077/aoj.10.1.41-57.2026Keywords:
Legal Protection, termination, anencephalic fetuses, medical riskAbstract
Introduction: Legal protection for healthcare professionals is a critical issue, particularly concerning pregnancy termination procedures involving medical emergencies. This study focuses on how Indonesian law regulates pregnancy termination in cases involving anencephalic fetuses, especially when the gestational age exceeds 14 weeks, and examines the protection afforded to doctors and the practical challenges they face. The research aims to analyze the legal framework provided under Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health and assess its implementation in the field.
Method: Using a juridical-normative and empirical-juridical approach with a descriptive-analytical method, this study utilizes primary data from interviews with doctors, legal scholars, and religious figures, and secondary data from relevant laws and academic literature.
Result: The findings reveal that while the law allows pregnancy termination under 14 weeks for medical emergencies or pregnancies from sexual violence, it lacks clear provisions for cases exceeding 14 weeks, such as anencephaly. Although anencephaly poses a serious medical risk, legal uncertainty persists for healthcare workers who perform terminations after this threshold.
Conclussion: Terminations conducted following medical standards and with consent should not be criminalized. Therefore, legal reforms and clearer regulatory guidelines are essential to ensure adequate protection for medical personnel handling such exceptional cases.
References
1. Indonesia, 2 Undang-undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023 Tentang Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana, 2023.
2. WHO, "Abortion care guideline License," 2022. [Online]. Available: https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/349316.
3. R. Maidina, Penyelenggaraan Kebijakan terminasi kehamilan Aman, Bermutu, dan Bertanggung Jawab sesuai dengan UU Kesehatan di Indonesia, Jakarta: ICJR, 2021, p. 29.
4. L. N. S. K. M. S. a. M. H. K. Sari, Pelaksanaan Terminasi Kehamilan Di Rs Pku Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta: Universitas' Aisyiyah Yogyakarta, , 2011.
5. P. W. &. W. A. Herman, "Masalah Etika Dan Hukum Kesehatan Pada Layanan Kesehatan Publik Atau Rumah Sakit “terminasi kehamilan.”," Iris Journal of Health Information Management, vol. 3 No. 2, 2023.
6. S. Rahardjo, Ilmu Hukum, Bandung: Pt. Citra Aditya Bakti, 1998.
7. Suryaningsi, Pengantar Ilmu Hukum, Samarinda: Mulawarman University Press, 2015.
8. F. M. Wantu, Pengantar Ilmu Hukum, Gorontalo: UNG Press, 2015.
9. Muchsin, Perlindungan Dan Kepastian Hukum Bagi Investor Di Indonesia, Surakarta: Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2003.
10. P. M. Hadjon, Perlindungan Hukum, Bandung: PT. Gramedia, 2017.
11. P. M. Marzuki, Pengantar Studi Hukum Islam, Yogyakarta:: Ombak Dua, 2017.
12. H. A. Djazuli, Kaidah-Kaidah Fikih, Jakarta : Prenadamedia Group , 2019.
13. Takdir, Pengantar Hukum Kesehatan, Palopo: AIN Palopo, 2018.
14. Novekawati, Hukum Kesehatan, Semarang: Sai Wawa Publishing, 2019.
15. D. N. S. e. al, Etika Profesi & Hukum Kesehatan, Sukoharjo: Penerbit Pradina Pustaka, 2022.
16. M. Hatta, Hukum Kesehatan dan Sengketa Medik, Yogyakarta: Liberty Yogyakarta, 2013.
17. Ashadi L. Diab, "Dinamika Hukum dan Etika Profesi Kedokteran," Al-Izzah: Jurnal Hasil-Hasil Penelitian, vol. 12 no. 1, p. 12, 2017.
18. F. W. d. E. Ifadah, Keperawatan Gawat Darurat (Teori, Manajemen, & Penerapan), Jambi: Sonepedia Publishing Indonesia, 2024, pp. hlm. 14-16.
19. A. A. S. D. L. N. d. D. A. Aulia Arum, "Aborsi Dalam Sudut Pandang Etika Kesehatan Dan Hukum Indonesia : Literatur Review," JIKESI, vol. Volume 2 Nomor 1, p. 57, 2024.
20. N. N. H. d. Z. Ammar, "Hukum Abortus atau Aborsi," The Renewal of Islamic Economic Law, vol. Vol. 3 No. 1, p. hlm. 11, 2021,.
21. N. Susilawati, "Aborsi dalam Tinjauan Hukum Islam," Jurnal Ilmiah Mizani: Wacana Hukum, Ekonomi, dan Keagamaan, vol. Vol. 2 No. 2, p. hlm 117, 2020.
22. M. R. M. C. Adi Laksono, "Analisis Hukum Terhadap Pelaku Aborsi Menurut Hukum Pidana yang Berlaku di Indonesia," Jurnal Kajian Hukum Dan Kebijakan Publik, vol. Vol. 1 No. 2, p. hlm. 81, 2024.
23. Hendrik, Etika & Hukum Kesehatan, Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC, 2015, p. 94.
24. T. H. a. A. Mulyana, Tindak Pidana Aborsi, Jakarta: Penerbit Indeks, 2019, p. 91.
25. P. Soge, Hukum Aborsi: Tinjauan Politik Hukum Pidana Terhadap Perkembangan Hukum Aborsi di Indonesia, Yogyakarta: Universitas Atma Jaya, 2015, p. 70.
26. S. Sulaksana, Implementasi Regulasi Aborsi atas Indikasi Kedaruratan Medis dan Kehamilan Akibat Perkosaan, Yogyakarta:: Universitas Islam Indonesia, 2018, p. 82.
27. S. Sulaksana, Hukum Kesehatan Reproduksi dalam Perspektif HAM dan Etika Medis, Yogyakarta: Genta Publishing, 2014, p. 107.
28. M. Herdiyantini, "Laporan Kasus Serial : Anensefali," PMJ Prominentia Medical Journal, Vols. Volume 5, No. 2, p. 54, 2024.
29. J. Buluran, "Analisis Yuridis Tentang Sanksi Bagi Pelaku Tindak Pidana Aborsi Ditinjau Dari Kitab Undang Hukum Pidana Dan Undang-Undang Kesehatan," Lex Privatum, vol. Vol. 9 No. 10, p. 74, 2021.
30. F. Amin, Ilmu Perundang-Undangan, Banten: Sada Kurnia Pustaka, 2023, p. 41.
31. M. R. Nugraha, "Hukum Online, Asas Lex Superior, Lex Specialis, dan Lex Posterior," [Online]. Available: https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/asas-lex-superior-lex-specialis-dan-lex-posterior-cl6806/. [Accessed 6 February 2025].
32. D. Fibrini, "Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Tenaga Kesehatan Dalam Melakukan Tindak Medis," IURIS STUDIA: Jurnal Kajian Hukum, vol. Volume 5 Nomor 2, 2024.
33. P. M. Hadjon, Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Rakyat Indonesia, Surabaya: PT. Bina Ilmu, 1987, p. 6.
34. P. R. Indonesia, Article 117, Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 28 Tahun 2024 tentang Pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023, 2023.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Chepi Ali Firman Zakaria, Hadi Susiarno, Yusrawati Yusrawati
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
