The Association Between PIGF Level and Neonatal Outcomes in Normal Pregnancies, Early Onset and Late Onset Preeclampsia at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25077/aoj.10.2.322-329.2026Keywords:
preeclampsia, placental growth factor, neonatal outcomesAbstract
Background: Preeclampsia is a major pregnancy complication that significantly contributes to maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Impaired placentation leads to an imbalance between angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors, particularly a reduction in placental growth factor (PlGF) levels, which is believed to play an important role in adverse neonatal outcomes.
Objective: To determine the relationship between maternal serum PlGF levels and neonatal outcomes in normal pregnancies, early-onset preeclampsia, and late-onset preeclampsia at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang.
Methods: This study was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design. The study population consisted of pregnant women with normal pregnancies, early-onset preeclampsia, and late-onset preeclampsia who met the inclusion criteria. Maternal serum PlGF levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Neonatal outcomes assessed included birth weight, birth length, and Apgar scores. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate statistical analyses.
Results: A total of 48 pregnant women were included in this study, comprising 16 normal pregnancies, 16 cases of early-onset preeclampsia, and 16 cases of late-onset preeclampsia. The mean age of the subjects was within the reproductive age range of 20–35 years. The highest mean PlGF levels were found in the normal pregnancy group, followed by the late-onset preeclampsia group, and the lowest in the early-onset preeclampsia group, with a significant p-value indicating a meaningful difference in PlGF levels among the three groups. Neonatal outcomes showed that the lowest mean birth weight, birth length, and Apgar scores were observed in the early-onset preeclampsia group. Bivariate analysis demonstrated a significant association between PlGF levels and birth weight in the early-onset preeclampsia group (p = 0.0001).
Conclusion: There is a significant association between PlGF levels and preeclampsia, suggesting that PlGF has potential as a predictive biomarker for preeclampsia. Regarding neonatal outcomes, a significant association was found with birth weight in early-onset preeclampsia, while no significant association was observed with birth length and Apgar scores across the three groups.
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